The jobless rate for the month was 5.5 percent, up from 5 percent in April, the Labor Department said. That was the largest swing in a single month since 1986. The result stunned economists, who had expected the rate to rise only to 5.1 percent. The report also said the number of jobs on employers' payrolls fell by 49,000.
The data are new evidence that despite recent signs of stability in financial markets, the U.S. economy is still troubled. For most of the past two months, the stock market has been rising and some measure of normalcy has returned to world markets. Economic data have been weak but not horrible. Today's report, however, undermines a budding consensus that the economy is holding up.
The unemployment numbers, coupled with a steep increase in oil prices, rattled the stock market. The Dow Jones industrial average was down nearly 250 points, about 2 percent, shortly before noon.
According to the newest figures, 861,000 more people were unemployed, and the jobless level rose among almost all groups: men, women, teenagers, whites and blacks. Unemployment among Hispanics was unchanged, and it dropped slightly among Asians.
